Les repr\'{e}sentations g\'{e}n\'{e}tiques d'objets : simples analogies ou mod\`{e}les pertinents ? Le point de vue de l'"\'{e}volutique".<br>&ndash;&ndash;&ndash;<br>Genetic representations of objects : simple analogies or efficient models ? The"evolutic"point of view

For thirty years, analogy with natural evolution is commonly used to optimize technical devices. More often that not, these “genetic” or “evolutionary” methods are only view as practical and efficient tools, which could replace other optimization techniques (gradient methods, simplex, ...) or could be used in association with them. In this paper, we try to show that sciences, techniques, human organizations, and more generally all complex systems, obey to evolution rules, whose the genetic is a good representative model, even if genes and chromosomes are “ virtual”. Thus, the genetic representation is not only a specific tool helping for the design of technological solutions, but also a global and dynamic model for the action of the human agitation on our world. This point of view on the evolution of sciences and techniques, which might be called “evolutic”, can amuse or surprise; it could also open some ways for future researches. MOTS-CLÉS : optimisation, heuristique, évolutique, évolutionnaire, génétique, évolution, coévolution, technique, scientifique, systèmes complexes, dynamique, théorie des schémas.